SAP 7090310 Arkusz Danych

SAP Crystal Reports 2011 Users Guide SAP Crystal Reports 2011 Support Package 22011-05-16

Mapping...285Chapter 13 Map

2.In the Name field of the Object Information dialog box, create a name for your object or image.Note:You cannot use these characters in your object&a

2.Click the Add to Repository button.You'll see that your custom function has been added to the Repository Custom Functions node.Tip:• You can al

Note:• To reconnect a report object that has been disconnected from its repository, re-add the object orupdate the repository copy. Objects that remai

You'll see your custom function has been added to the Report Custom Functions node of the FormulaWorkshop.Note:You can also add custom functions

You can modify repository objects by disconnecting them, changing them in a report, and adding themback to the repository. As well, you can rename obj

5.8.1 To set the update option1.On the File menu, click Options.The Options dialog box appears.2.Click the Reporting tab.3.Select the Update Connected

Tip:Another way to do this is to click the Repository Explorer option under the View menu.2.In the appropriate folder, select the object you want to r

Designing Optimized Web Reports6.1 OverviewWhether you distribute your enterprise reports over a local network, a corporate Intranet, or the Web,you c

6.1.1 Key strategies for optimizing web reports• As your company grows, Crystal Reports and SAP BusinessObjects Enterprise can grow along withyou. For

• VersioningVersioning works closely with scheduling to store "instances" of a report. Versioning not only reducesthe number of database hit

Converting a static OLE object to a bitmap image object...30814.5.3Working with embedded vs. linked

• If you use date and/or time functions in a report's selection formula, the report's data is dependentupon the return values of those formu

Note:If for some reason you need to keep a report in its original file format, use the Save As command(instead of Save) and enter a new name for the v

You can schedule these reports within SAP BusinessObjects Enterprise, so they automatically refreshfrom the database on a predetermined basis. For exa

6.3.3.1 To hide details in a summary report1.Open your report in Crystal Reports.If you haven't yet created a grouped and summarized report, open

Many report objects—such as large cross-tabs, OLAP grids, advanced charts, and maps—are idealcandidates to include in on-demand subreports, so that th

6.3.5 Using other design elements effectivelyMapsMap rendering is a single-threaded operation that does not scale well. Although maps are supported,yo

• Users view a report using the same parameters.• Users view a report using the same locale settings.• Users do not modify the report.Reports viewed u

When you add multiple database tables to your report, you link the tables on a common field so thatrecords from one table match related records from a

ODBC connections to the following database types assume that the ODBC database driver is alsothread-safe and, therefore, operate in a multi-threaded m

• To select a stored procedure as a data source, see "SQL stored procedures" in the online help.6.5 Using enhanced record selection formulas

Calculated Members...33615.6.1Embedded Summar

formula is evaluated by Crystal Reports, no further records need to be eliminated. Click Show SQLQuery on the Database menu and notice that the result

6.5.2.3 SQL Databases• You can push down record selection on indexed or non-indexed fields.• Your SQL server will respond faster if you use indexed fi

Of course DataBaseField is just a database field. SupportedOperator is any of =, <>, <, <=, >,>=, StartsWith, Like or In.ConstantOrP

6.5.3.1 To add a parameter field to your record selection formula1.Open the sample report Group By Intervals.rpt.Take a moment to navigate the Group t

a numeric value representing last year's sales quota. The resulting report will display only thosecustomers whose Last Year's Sales exceeds

enhance and hone your formulas in ways that are either difficult or impossible with SQL. In certaincircumstances, however, creating and using SQL Expr

Note:Server-side processing works only for sorted and grouped reports that are based on SQL data sources.6.6.1.1 To enable server-side processing1.On

Notice that 269 records are still returned for the report, even though the Detail records are hiddenfrom view.7.On the Database menu, click Perform Gr

calculation for each group in the report. By performing the calculation with an SQL Expression field ofthe following form, you use your database'

Record Selection7.1 Selecting recordsWhen a field is selected to appear on a report, field values from every record in the active table(s) areprinted

Formatting data in an OLAP grid...36917.4Changing the backgrou

When you select records, you are basing your report only on those records that meet some conditionsthat you have set. You base those conditions on the

report is limited to values within the range. You can set up all of these types of record selection requestswithout any previous knowledge of the form

7.1.4 Using formulas7.1.4.1 To set up record selection using a formula1.On the Report menu, point to Selection Formulas and click Record.2.In the Reco

7.1.5.1 To view the Select Expert formula1.Right-click the field on which you want to view record selection.2.Click Select Expert.3.Click the Show For

7.1.6 Saved data selection formulasSaved data selection formulas filter report data after the records have been stored in the report. Likerecord selec

Selects those records in which the value in the {file.FIELD} field does not begin with the character "C"(includes values like Bob's Bik

Selects those records in which the year found in the {file.DATE} field falls between 1992 and 1996(1992 and 1996 not included).Year({file.DATE}) >=

These templates can be used as they are (with your own data), or they can be combined to createcomplex formulas.7.3 Pushing down record selection to t

1.Write down the record selection formula on paper. You will use this written copy to help youreconstruct the selection formula one step at a time.2.R

Does the {customer.CONTACT LAST NAME} field show only text strings beginning with the letter"C"?• If it does, then this part of the selectio

Using Formulas...417Chapter 20 Formula

Another formula which performs much the same functions is the following:"BOB" in UpperCase({customer.CONTACT FIRST NAME})7.4.2.2 Unwanted sp

Sorting, Grouping, and Totaling8.1 Sorting dataSorting means placing data in some kind of order to help you find and evaluate it.When you first insert

8.1.1.2 Sort fieldA sort field is the field that determines the order in which data appears on your report. Almost any fieldcan be used as a sort fiel

Sort OrderField Typechronological orderTime fieldsFalse values (0)True values (1)Boolean comparison fieldsnull valuesnon-null valuesNull valuesNote:If

In multiple field sorts, the Report Designer first sorts the records based on the values in the first fieldselected, putting them in ascending or desc

Tip:The order of the fields listed in the Sort fields box is the order by which data will be sorted.7.As you add each field to the Sort Fields list, s

Note:Sort fields that begin with "Group" specify that the sort was done automatically when the data wasgrouped.2.Highlight the fields that y

Note:Grouping hierarchy is not affected by "Sort Control".8.1.3.2 To remove a sort control1.Right-click the text object that contains the ex

2.Select the field you want the data grouped by from the top drop-down list.3.Select the sort direction from the second drop-down list.Note:If you wan

8.2.2 Creating custom groupsUsually data is sorted based on the values from a field in the report. Sometimes, however, you maynot want to group data b

Creating a parameter with a dynamic prompt...46621.5To create a parameter with a d

7.Click the <New> tab to add more selection criteria to your specified group, if necessary.8.Click OK.9.Click New to create more custom groups a

7.Select Use a Formula as Group Sort Order, and click the Conditional Formula button next toit.Note:This option is not available if you choose "i

Note:Sort fields that begin with "Group" specify that the sort was done automatically when the data wasgrouped.2.Highlight the field you wan

8.2.5.1 Using the Select ExpertThe Select Expert can be used to select groups of records in the same way that you select individualrecords.When you ar

3.To base the group selection on more than one field, click the New tab and choose the next fieldfrom the Choose Field dialog box.Note:If you have not

8.2.5.3 Troubleshooting group selection formulasIn some cases, no values will print when using a group selection formula, even though there are values

8.Instead of using the formula name (in this case @Percent) in the group selection formula, enter theformula itself (the formula named @Percent). Thus

5.Click the New button.The Define Named Group dialog box appears.6.Type "Less than $10,000" in the Group Name field.This is the name that wi

• Specify a range of values:• Type "10000" in the top field.• Type "25000" in the bottom field.11.Click OK to return to the Specif

{customer.POSTAL CODE}{customer.COUNTRY}Note:Xtreme.mdb is located on the SAP Business Objects Support web site.2.On the View menu, click Field Explor

Previewing subreports...49522.2.1Saving a subre

Characteristics of the data needed for hierarchical groupingYou can group data in a report to show hierarchical relationships. When you group data hie

Supervisor (parent)Employee (child)GillianFrancesGillianRuthMinaMargaretMargaretPaulMargaretCharlesThe Employee and Supervisor fields contain overlapp

8.2.8.1 To group data hierarchically1.Create or open a report that contains the data you want to group and sort hierarchically.2.On the Insert menu, c

7.On the Report menu, click Hierarchical Grouping Options.8.In the Available Groups list of the Hierarchical Options dialog box, select the group you

The value that you enter in the Group Indent field affects all other objects that are in the same areaas your hierarchical group. For example, if your

Note:The level at which a name appears in the hierarchy of this report is determined by the number ofemployees who report to him or her. Those employe

3.Click Options.4.In the Change Group Options dialog box, edit the group as necessary.5.Click OK to close the Change Group Options dialog box and agai

The Insert Summary dialog box appears.2.Select the desired field to summarize from the Choose the field to summarize list.3.Select a summary operation

2.Click the tab for the group you want to sort.3.Select the All option from the drop-down list on the left.4.Choose the summary that you want to base

With top N groups, you are instructing the program to display those groups that have the highestsummary values (Top N).•• With bottom N groups, you ar

Link processing order...53123.5.9Linking optio

• Order 1 = 100• Order 2 = 90• Order 3 = 80• Order 4 = 80If you set your top N to be three, but you do not select "Include ties," your repor

5.On the Report menu, click Group Sort Expert.6.In the Group Sort Expert, select the type of group sort that you want.Choose any option except No Sort

Note:Xtreme.mdb is located on the SAP Business Objects Support web site.2.Right-click the Last Year's Sales field, point to Insert and choose Sum

The Formula Workshop appears with the Formula Editor active.5.Enter the following formula into the Formula text box:{Orders_Detail.Quantity} * {Orders

8.5.1 Calculating a percentageYou can calculate the percentage of one group within a broader grouping. For example, you can showthe percentage of sale

7.Click OK. The summary percentage field is added to your report.8.6 Group headers8.6.1 Creating group headersWhenever you create a group, a subtotal,

8.6.1.1 Standard headersA standard header is a block of text that is used to identify each group in a rather generic kind of way."Customer,"

Group name onlyThe easiest live header to create is one based on identifying the value of the group field.8.6.1.2.1 To create a live header by group n

8.6.1.2.3 Live headers for groups based on a formulaWhen you create a group and use a formula field as a sort-and-group-by field, the program automati

8.6.2 Suppressing group headersYou have the option to hide group headers in your report.8.6.2.1 To suppress group headers1.Right-click the group heade

Accessing Data Sources...633Chapter 25 Introduction.

1.Right-click the gray Details section to the left of the report.2.Select Hide (Drill-Down OK).3.Click Refresh.When you place the cursor over a group

Running Totals9.1 Understanding running totalsRunning total fields are similar to summary fields but allow more control over how the total is calculat

the Report Footer returns the desired value. The Running Total field is properly calculated in both cases,but it is displayed too soon in the first ca

The most basic form of a running total is a running total maintained throughout a list. In this tutorial,you will create this kind of report by settin

9.2.2 Creating running totals for a groupAnother common use for running totals is tallying items in a group. The running total starts with the firstit

You return to the Field Explorer dialog box.11.Place the running total field in the Details section of your report, just to the right of the Orders.Or

Tip:Another way to do this is to click the Record Sort Expert button on the Expert Tools toolbar.3.Sort the records based on the Customer.Customer Nam

9.2.4 Creating running totals in a one-to-many linking relationshipA one-to-many linking relationship occurs in linked tables when a single record in

10.In the Reset section of the dialog box, click On change of group and choose Group #1:Customer.Customer Name - A.11.Click OK to save the Running Tot

5.Enter the following into the Formula box:WhilePrintingRecords;CurrencyVar Amount;Amount := Amount + {Orders.Order Amount};6.Click the Save and close

Failed to retrieve data from the database. Details: [Database Vendor Code: <vendor codenumber>]...

On your report, each row in the running total column displays the current record value added to theprevious values. The running total starts fresh wit

Multiple Section Reports10.1 About sectionsCrystal Reports provides five design areas to use when building your report:• Report Header• Page Header• D

Many of the procedures in this section show you how to work with sections in the Section Expert.Sections can also be inserted, deleted, and so on by r

10.2.3 Moving a section1.Click Section Expert on the Expert Tools toolbar.The Section Expert appears with a list of all the sections in the report. Wh

3.Highlight the top section.4.With Section (B) highlighted, click Merge and Section (C) will be merged with Section (B) to formone section.5.Rearrange

10.3.2 Resizing a section1.Move the pointer over the bottom boundary of the section you want to resize.2.When the pointer becomes a Resizing cursor, d

10.4 Using multiple sections in reportsCertain reporting tasks are performed most efficiently by creating multiple sections within an area.Once you un

Note:Many report objects can use the Can Grow option and can, therefore, cause overprinting:• Text fields• Formula fields• Memo fields• BLOB fields• S

10.4.3 Adding blank lines conditionallyUse multiple sections to print a blank line on your report under specific conditions. For example, youmay want

10.5.1 Working with text objectsYou will use many of the capabilities of text objects when creating form letters. A brief discussion oftext objects sh

© 2011 SAP AG. All rights reserved.SAP, R/3, SAP NetWeaver, Duet, PartnerEdge, ByDesign, SAPBusiness ByDesign, and other SAP products and services men

2011-05-1620Contents

The insertion point moves as you type, automatically staying to the right of the last character. It alsomoves when you insert a field, automatically s

10.5.2.1 To create a form letterThe letter will consist of a date, an inside address, a salutation, a one paragraph letter body, and aclosing section.

6.Double-click inside the text object to place it in edit mode. It is now ready for you to begin your work.The insertion point appears at the extreme

2.Drag in the Address 1 field and place it at the insertion point, and press Enter. The insertion pointmoves down to the line below.3.Drag in the City

10.5.2.5 Creating the letter body1.Now type "Your company" (do not include the quotation marks) and type a comma followed by aspace.2.Drag t

8.Click Print Preview on the Standard toolbar to preview the form letter.It should look similar to this:10.5.3 Printing conditional messages in form l

10.5.3.1 To create a conditional message1.Use the Section Expert to insert a second Details section in the report. See Working withsections.2.Create t

Formatting11.1 Formatting conceptsThis section explains how to format a report. Formatting refers to changes you can make to the layoutand design of a

11.2.1 Applying a templateWhen you create a new report in the Standard Report Creation Wizard, you can apply a template asan optional step. You can al

Tip:Another way to do this is to click the Template Expert button on the Expert Tools toolbar.As was the case with the Template screen, you can choose

Introduction to SAP Crystal Reports 20111.1 About Crystal ReportsSAP Crystal Reports 2011 (Crystal Reports) is designed to work with your database to

11.2.3.1 To reapply the last template selected1.On the Report menu, click Template Expert.Tip:Another way to do this is to click the Template Expert b

4.Specify the formatting for your Template Field Object as you require.For information about how to apply formatting, see Working with absolute format

If an existing report is used as a template, these report objects will not be applied to the new report:• Detail charts• Subreports• OLAP grids• Cross

ResultIf the target report has...If the Template has...Overwrite/ApplyAdvanced ChartAdvanced Chart• Using group & summary inreportChart retainedAd

11.3.1 Section characteristicsA report consists of several sections, including the Report Header, Page Header, Group Header, Details,Group Footer, Pag

The Xtreme.mdb file is located on the SAP Business Objects Support web site.2.Place {customer.CUSTOMER NAME} and {customer.LAST YEAR'S SALES} sid

The picture now prints in both the first Group Header and the following few Details sections, next to(instead of above) the text in the body of the re

11.3.4.1 To create a multiple-column report1.Open the report you want to format with multiple columns.2.On the Report menu, click Section Expert.Tip:A

11.3.5.2 Suppress (No Drill-Down)The Suppress property also hides a section when you run the report. Unlike the Hide property, however,you cannot appl

Note:• This option does not work for text fields that contain embedded fields.• This option compares record values, not formatted field values. The pr

as a reference for your basic reporting needs as well as an introduction to new concepts in reportcreation.1.2.1 Locate information quickly• Access on

Note:This will only work if there are no other objects in the section.11.3.6.3 Suppress (Common tab)The Suppress property hides an object when you run

When a text-based object is placed on a report, the object is represented by an object frame. The heightof the object frame is based on the height of

11.3.7.2 Preventing breaks in non-spacing text inside an objectFor text strings that do not contain spaces, such as single words, the text string is b

11.3.7.3.1 To suppress blank lines in embedded fields1.Open your report in the Design tab, and click the desired text object—that is, the text object

Unlike single-line text-based objects, expanding the object frame of a multi-line text-based object toaccommodate growth is not a viable option. When

The object is imported from the file into the text object on your report.11.3.10 Spacing between text-based objectsUse the grid and guidelines options

The Design and Preview tabs have an underlying grid structure that you can activate on the Layout tabin the Options dialog box.11.3.10.2.1 To select t

11.3.10.5 Inserting guidelinesAlthough you can and should insert manual guidelines whenever necessary, Crystal Reports willautomatically insert guidel

To snap an object to a guideline, drag the report object onto the guideline until the object's edge sitsatop the guideline. Snapping enables you

11.3.10.7 Positioning objects using guidelinesOnce you've snapped one or more objects to a guideline, you can move all the objects at once bymovi

Quick Start2.1 Learning how to use Crystal ReportsYou can teach yourself how to use Crystal Reports by choosing from the methods available in thissect

2.Snap one side of the object to that guideline.3.Create a second guideline to the right of the object.Note:The guideline should not be touching the o

Note:• Only indentation values within the range of the field or object width are accepted.• When you select the "Right to Left" reading orde

Note:You also have the option to click the Conditional Formatting button to enter a formula in theFormat Editor. In the Format Formula Workshop, you c

11.3.13 Vertical placementOn the Common tab of the Format Editor, you can use the text rotation options to vertically align thefields and text-based o

The value n is defined as the distance in number of points measured from the start of one characterto the start of the next. When you change the chara

11.3.16 Setting page size and page orientationYou can view and print your reports using either portrait or landscape orientation, and in a variety ofp

11.3.17 Setting page marginsMargins are the write spaces on the left, right, top, and bottom of the page. Crystal Reports gives youthe option of setti

11.3.19 Printer drivers11.3.19.1 Updating printer driversIn order to maintain performance, Crystal Reports queries the printer driver for each of the

• Using a second printer driver that measures fonts narrower could result in the same block of textrequiring less than six full lines.• Using a third

You can set formatting properties using the Format Editor for objects and the Section Expert for reportsections. In most cases, you can set one of two

2.2 Report Creation WizardsThe tutorials in this section show you how to build a report from scratch. As a complement or analternative, however, you m

11.5.2 Making a report, section, area, or object read-onlyYou can make a report, section, area, or object read-only so it can't be formatted. Whe

Note:•You can also do this by clicking the Lock Format button on the Formatting toolbar.• When a report object is read-only, you can move it, copy it,

2.In the Options dialog box, click the Fields tab.3.Click the button appropriate to the type of field you want to format (String, Number, Currency, Da

11.5.4.2.2 To customize formats for Date, Time, and Date and Time fields1.On the File menu, click Options.2.In the Options dialog box, click the Field

2.Use the pencil cursor to draw the line where desired.Note:You cannot draw diagonal lines.11.5.5.2 To edit lines on a report1.Right-click the line yo

1.On the Insert Tools toolbar, click Insert Box.2.Use the pencil cursor to draw the box where desired.11.5.6.2 To edit boxes on a report1.Right-click

EndStartBetween these sectionsIn the bottom section, or if thatsection is suppressed, at the topof the next visible section.In the top section, or if

EndStartBetween these sectionsIn the first instance of the GF3section, or if that section is sup-pressed, at the top of the nextvisible GH/D/GF sectio

When designing report formats in Crystal Reports, you can insert a variety of shapes such as circles,ellipses, and boxes with rounded corners, as part

2.Right-click the object and select Format Graphic from the shortcut menu.3.In the Format Editor, click the Picture tab.4.To crop the object, specify

2.2.3 Mailing LabelThe Mailing Labels Report Creation Wizard lets you create a report that is formatted to print on anysize mailing label. You can use

11.5.10.2 To customize the accounting conventions for a report1.Right-click the currency field or number field you want to format to bring up the shor

11.5.11.1 To repeat objects on horizontal pages1.Right-click the report object you want to repeat.2.On the shortcut menu, click Format Field, or the a

11.5.12 Using white space between rowsThe height of a section in relation to the objects within it affects the amount of white space that appearsbetwe

11.5.12.2 Deleting white space by resizingTo delete unnecessary white space within a section, move the pointer over the lower section boundaryline. Th

4.Click OK to return to your report.The blank section will no longer be printed.11.5.12.3.2 To delete white space by clamping the Page Footer1.On the

11.6.1 Conditional on or off propertiesA conditional on or off property tests to see if a condition has been met. It is on if the condition is met,off

Note:Always include the Else keyword in conditional formulas; otherwise, values that don't meet the If conditionmay not retain their original for

3.Click the Font tab.4.To change any of the font options, click the appropriate Formula button, located on the right sideof the dialog box.5.In the Fo

3.In the Formula Workshop, enter your conditional margin formula text.4.Click Save and close to return to your report.5.Click OK to apply your new set

You may choose to print a page footer on all pages except the first page. You can do this by formattingthe Page Footer section conditionally, using an

2.3.1 Before you beginThis tutorial assumes you are familiar with Microsoft Windows and uses conventional terms andprocedures common to the Windows en

11.6.6 Using the Highlighting ExpertThe Highlighting Expert enables you to apply conditional formatting to all types of report fields (Number,Currency

The dialog box is divided into two areas: the Item list area displays the formula; the Item editor areaallows you to specify the formula. The Item edi

5.Complete the condition by entering the desired value in the box.Note:If the field selected in the "Value of" list is not numeric, the text

11.6.7 Undo/Redo activitiesCrystal Reports includes multiple levels of undo. With multiple levels of undo, you can undo any numberof changes to an obj

• The Format Painter does not copy formatting from text/template objects to database fields.• The Format Painter can use any object (including Reposit

1.Select a source object or field in your report and click Format Painter.Tip:You can also select Format Painter from the shortcut menu.Note:• The For

• To undo changing a field to a barcode, you must use the Undo command right after you use Changeto Barcode.If you perform any other actions after you

1.Right-click the barcode field that you would like to reformat.2.From the shortcut menu, select Format Field.The Format Editor appears.3.Set your des

2011-05-16268Formatting

Charting12.1 Charting conceptsCrystal Reports enables you to include sophisticated, colorful charts in your reports. You can use chartsany time you wa

2.3.2.1 Selecting a database to useThe next step in creating a report is to select a database. Use the Xtreme.mdb sample database forthis tutorial.The

• OLAP data.You will typically chart on summary and subtotal information at the group level. However, dependingon the type of data you are working wit

12.1.3 Chart typesDifferent sets of data are particularly suited to a certain chart type. The following is an overview of themain chart types and thei

3-D Surface3-D Surface charts present a topographic view of multiple sets of data. If, for example, you need a chartto show the number of sales by cus

FunnelFunnel charts are often used to represent stages in a sales process. For example, the amount ofpotential revenue shown for each stage. This type

12.2 Creating chartsWhen you insert a chart in a report, you may see one of the following options:• A chart object frame in the Report Header.Once you

12.2.2 Charting on summary or subtotal fields (Group layout)Many of the charts you create are based on summary or subtotals within your report. In ord

12.2.3 Charting on Cross-Tab summaries (Cross-Tab layout)Crystal Reports allows you to include a chart based on summary values in your Cross-Tab repor

12.Accept the default title information or add new titles to your chart.13.Click OK.Note:When your chart is inserted, it may cover a portion of the re

9.If the Axes and Options tabs appear, you can customize some of the chart's properties, such asthe scaling of the axes, the legend, and the data

Some of the editing options available in the Chart Expert are also available directly from the ChartOptions menu. This menu, which is available when y

3.Select Customer and click the > arrow to add it to the Selected Tables list, and then click OK.The Design tab of the Report Designer appears.4.Cl

2.The Custom templates dialog box appears.The options on the Custom tab represent directory locations under \Program Files\SAPBusinessObjects\Crystal

On the Preview tab, you can find commands for zooming bar charts and line charts within your report.You have the ability to zoom in and out on these c

12.3.6 Formatting charts12.3.6.1 Changing the border of a chart1.On the Design or Preview tab, right-click the chart to bring up the shortcut menu.2.O

12.3.6.3 Changing the chart's legend text1.On the Preview tab, click the text in your chart's legend to select it.Tip:Be sure to select the

2011-05-16284Charting

Mapping13.1 Mapping concepts13.1.1 Mapping overviewWith Crystal Reports, you can include geographic maps in reports. Maps help you analyze report data

Note:In order to create a map using the Group layout, you must have at least one group and at least onesummary field for that group.Cross-TabUse the C

• Equal countThis option assigns intervals in such a way that the same number of regions (or as close to the samenumber of regions as possible) appear

representation of point data (e.g. Cities) than a Ranged map does, and it uses sized symbols ratherthan colors to distinguish variations in the values

13.1.5 Drill-down with mapsNot only is mapping a means of presenting data—it is also an analysis tool. Move your cursor over asection of the map on th

2.3.2.3.1 To insert a field1.Expand the Database Fields node in the Field Explorer dialog box and expand a table.2.Highlight a field name by clicking

To map on a group, you can use the Group layout, in which you show a summary (such as Last Year'sSales) on change of a geographic field (such as

With the Cross-Tab layout, you can map on a Cross-Tab summary field. For example, with a Cross-Tabthat shows the total number of items of a product so

14.Click OK.Your map is placed in the Header or Footer section of the report, depending on your selection inStep 3.13.2.3 Mapping on an OLAP cube (OLA

11.In the Legend area, you can click one of the following options:• Full legend to show a detailed legend on your map.• Compact legend to show a conde

13.3.2 Changing the map title1.On the Preview tab, right-click the map to bring up the shortcut menu.2.On the shortcut menu, choose Title.3.In the Cha

In Crystal Reports, maps are made up of a number of layers. You can stack these layers on top of eachother to create a more detailed map. For example,

Use this dialog box to set the default display mode and zoom range (the minimum and maximumpossible magnification) for the layer in question, then cli

13.3.6.1 To change the geographic map1.On the Preview tab, right-click the map to bring up the shortcut menu.2.On the shortcut menu, click Resolve Mis

13.3.8 Panning a map1.On the Preview tab, right-click a map to bring up the shortcut menu.2.On the shortcut menu, click Pan.3.Drag the panning cursor

You have the option of hiding or showing the Map Navigator.13.3.10.1 To hide the Map Navigator1.On the Preview tab, right-click the map to bring up th

ContentsIntroduction to SAP Crystal Reports 2011...21Chapter 1 About Crystal

2.3.2.4 Understanding fieldsBefore going any further, take a look at the field you just placed in the Details section:• First of all, the object frame

13.3.11 Formatting Maps13.3.11.1 Changing the border of a map1.On the Design or Preview tab, right-click the map to bring up the shortcut menu.2.On th

OLE14.1 OLE overviewObject Linking and Embedding (OLE) enables you to insert objects (OLE objects) into a report fromother applications (OLE server ap

• OLE Container ApplicationAn OLE container application is one that can contain and process OLE objects created in otherapplications (such as Paint or

• When you double-click an embedded OLE object, the object is activated for editing and the ReportDesigner merges its menus and toolbars with those of

8.Double-click the spreadsheet object.The menus and toolbars change to a combination of those from the OLE server application andCrystal Reports. You

14.4.2 Dynamic OLE menu commandsWhen you have an OLE object selected, there is a submenu on the Edit menu that provides commandsfor the object. The na

Static objects cannot be edited. To edit a static object, it has to be converted into an editable type ofobject using the Convert command on the Edit

14.5.2 Making a static OLE object dynamicA dynamic static OLE object is a picture or metafile that you access in Crystal Reports by use of a filepath

6.Click Refresh to update the reference link to your static OLE object.14.5.3 Converting a static OLE object to a bitmap image object1.Right-click the

14.6.1.1 To insert an embedded OLE object1.Click the Design tab.2.On the Insert menu, click OLE Object.The Insert Object dialog box appears.3.Select C

As the cursor is moved over the report, an object frame appears along with the Arrow cursor.3.Place the fields to the right of the Customer Name field

When you have a linked object and you break the link using the Links dialog box, all connections to theoriginal data in the server document are broken

When you embed the object, you can bind it to the report, but you may be able to bind to only a singlevariable. You can bind to multiple values in a c

1.Select the page with the SWF object that you want to print.2.Adjust the SWF to your desired settings.3.From the "File" menu, select Print.

14.7.3 Using data binding to bind an Xcelsius SWF object to a reportData can be sent from a report to an SWF, but not from an SWF to a report. The par

14.7.3.3 To bind data to a single value1.Right-click the SWF object and select Flash Data Expert.The Flash Data Binding Expert appears.2.For each vari

Cross-Tab Objects15.1 What is a Cross-Tab object?A Cross-Tab object is a grid that returns values based on the criteria you specify. Data is presented

• At the end of each row is a total for that row. In the example above, this total represents a singleproduct sold in all countries. At the end of the

This report presents details. Each row represents an individual order. There are many orders from eachof the regions for different locks. But because

Each region group contains orders for different kinds of locks.15.2.3 Report of order data - grouped by productThis report groups the data by product.

Each product group contains orders for many regions.15.2.4 Report of order data - grouped by region and productThis report is the logical next step. I

Note:The first time you preview a report, you must click Print Preview on the Standard toolbar to activatethe Preview tab. The Preview tab appears to

Each group contains orders for one product for one region. But the data is all spread out and remainsdifficult to analyze. This information is useful,

In this Cross-Tab:• Product names make up the row headings.• Regions make up the column headings.• The value at each row/column intersection is the su

• You can use Running Total fields as your summarized field.• You can include a group sort (top or bottom N) on the rows in your Cross-Tab.Note:Group

Once you have clicked to release the field, it appears to the right of the column that you selected.7.In the Field Explorer, select Country and drag i

Tip:Use the Ctrl-click combination to pick a non-continuous range of fields and the Shift-click combinationto pick a continuous list of fields.This ex

15.3.6 Selecting recordsUse this screen to apply selection conditions. This limits the results that are returned in your report toonly those records t

4.Select the summary operation you want to perform on Order Amount from the list beneath theSummary Fields area.5.Click Next.The Chart screen appears.

Tip:Another way to do this is to click the Insert Cross-Tab button on the Insert Tools toolbar.An object frame appears with the Arrow cursor as you dr

• Click OK to close the Define Named Group dialog box.• Click OK to close the Cross-Tab Group Options dialog box.15.3.9.3 Choosing a predefined style1

15.4 Working with Cross-TabsThis section describes ways you can work with a Cross-Tab once you've added it to your report.15.4.1 Showing values a

Instead of adding the Contact First Name and Contact Last Name fields as separate objects, you caninsert both fields in a text object. This allows you

2.Right-click the summarized field you want to abbreviate and choose Format Field from the shortcutmenu.The Format Editor appears.3.On the Common tab,

For more information about how to do this, see Working with conditional formatting.4.Click Check to identify any errors in the formula.5.Fix any synta

15.4.4.2 To total across rows1.Repeat steps 1 to 3 of the previous procedure.2.Click Record Sort Expert and sort your Cross-Tab by the field you desig

15.5 Formatting Cross-TabsCrystal Reports has powerful formatting capabilities that can be applied to Cross-Tabs. The followingsections describe some

15.5.3 Formatting fields individually1.Right-click the field you want to format and choose Format Field from the shortcut menu.The Format Editor appea

1.Right-click the blank top-left area of the Cross-Tab and select Cross-Tab Expert from the shortcutmenu.The Cross-Tab Expert appears.2.Click the Cust

15.5.6 Displaying summarized fields horizontallyIf you have two or more summarized fields in your Cross-Tab, you can display their values horizontally

Related Topics• Calculation Formulas• Header Formulas• Insertion Formulas• Value Formulas15.6.1.1 To add a Calculated Member to your Cross-Tab1.In you

1.Right-click the top-left corner of your Cross-Tab.2.On the shortcut menu, point to Advanced Calculations, and click Calculated Member.The Cross-Tab

15.6.1.5.1 To edit a Header Formula1.Right-click the header of the Calculated Member you would like to edit.2.On the shortcut menu, point to Calculate

2.3.2.11 Adding summary informationThe next step is to add summary information to your report. Adding summary information allows youto specify the aut

Insertion formulas determine where a Calculated Member appears in a Cross-Tab. In most cases,a Calculated Member appears only once. However, you can s

15.6.2.2 To change the processing order of Embedded SummariesIf you have multiple Embedded Summaries in your Cross-Tab, the order in which they are ca

2011-05-16342Cross-Tab Objects

Building Queries16.1 Connecting to a universeYou access the Business Objects Query Panel in Crystal Reports through the Database Expert. Onceyou have

16.2 Defining the data selection for a queryYou build queries in the Query Panel by using objects in a Business Objects universe. The objects inthe un

Add filters to the Query Filters pane to restrict the data your query returns based on the object thatyou selected. Filtering limits the data that a u

Note:• Object properties are defined in the BusinessObjects Designer, but are not taken into account bythe Query Panel in Crystal Reports.• Objects ca

You can return to the Query Panel to change an existing query, provided you have been granted thecustom right, Create / Edit Query. You can add or rem

16.4.2 To view the SQL after you have created a query• In Crystal Reports, open a report created with a universe as a data source, go to the Databasem

1.Double-click the objects you want to use in your report, or drag them to the Results Objects pane.For step-by-step instructions on selecting objects

2.Enter information about your report in the text boxes provided. Be sure to enter the title "CustomerList" in the Title text box. This info

16.5.2.1 To create a prompt1.Select the object you want to apply a prompt on and drag it to the Query Filters pane.For example, if you want to allow u

For step-by-step information on how to create filters and prompts, see Creating query filters orBuilding prompts.By default, the Query Panel combines

The following table will help you select the operator you need to define a query filter.Filter createdSelectExampleValues to retrieve<Country> E

Filter createdSelectExampleValues to retrieve<Country> Not in list'US; Japan; UK'Not in listDon't retrieve data forthe following

16.5.6 Editing and removing query filtersYou can edit and remove filters on queries.16.5.6.1 To edit a query filter1.Double-click the filter you want

16.6.1 What is a subquery?A subquery is a more flexible kind of query filter that allows you to restrict values in more sophisticatedways than with an

Note:For more information on query filter operators and values, see Query filters and prompts.5.Click Add a subquery to add an additional subquery to

DescriptionParameterThe operator that specifies the relationship be-tween the Filter object and the Filter By object.Because of database restrictions

A database ranking allows you to specify a ranking at the query and database level so that the datareturned to Crystal Reports by the query is already

Note:You can specify a prompt instead of a constant by clicking the arrow next to the number. When youselect a prompt, the user must enter the ranking

3.With the report title object still selected, click Align Center on the Formatting toolbar. The titleis centered within the object.4.Right-click the

DescriptionParameterThe object that specifies additional calculationcontext for the ranking. For example, if the rankingobject is Region, the measure

Creating and Updating OLAP Reports17.1 OLAP reporting with Crystal ReportsAlthough relational databases such as SQL servers and PC databases are the m

OLAP grid objects provide true multi-dimensional reporting. Add dimensions to either axis to analyzethree, four, or more dimensions in a single OLAP g

The OLAP Connection Browser appears.2.Browse your OLAP server for the cube you want to connect to.If your server isn't in the list, click Add. In

4.Click the Up and Down arrow buttons associated with the Rows and Columns areas to arrange theorder of the dimensions.Note:If you accidentally add a

Note:• Once you have created a parameter, access to the Member Selector dialog box is disabled forthe dimension until you delete the parameter.• If yo

17.2.4.2 To add a page1.Use the > arrow to add dimension(s) to the Page list.The Member Selector dialog box appears.2.Expand the dimension's s

Note:The color of the style you select may not appear correctly if your screen resolution is set to 256colors. Increase the resolution to correct this

Note:Be sure that the chart type selected in Step 1 supports a secondary charting field.5.Click Other Dimensions to define field values for any dimens

4.Click Select.The OLAP Connection Browser appears.5.Browse your OLAP server for the cube you want to connect to.If your server isn't in the list

2.3.2.15 Saving the report1.Click Save on the Standard toolbar to save your work.Since this is the first time you are saving the report, the Save As d

To access the Highlighting Expert, right-click the field you want to format and, on the shortcut menu,click Highlighting Expert. For more details, see

2.In the Group Options area, select the color from the Background Color list.3.Click OK if you have finished customizing your grid.17.4.2 Creating an

1.On the Customize Style tab of the OLAP Expert, click Format Grid Lines.The Format Grid Lines dialog box appears.2.From the list, choose the descript

The dimension expands to show its members, or collapses to hide them.Tip:You can also double-click parent dimensions to drill down into the hierarchic

• Unique NameFor information about names and captions, search the online help for "Changing member captions."17.5.5 To alter the data displa

shortcut menu. You can sort data in ascending or descending order, and you can specify whether ornot you want to break grid hierarchies.In the followi

17.6.1.1 To sort data in the OLAP grid1.Right-click the row or column member that you want to sort by.2.On the shortcut menu, point to Add First Sort.

Tip:• To locate a filtered row or column, move the mouse pointer over the OLAP grid. When you reach afiltered row or column, the pointer turns into an

2011-05-16378Creating and Updating OLAP Reports

Printing, Exporting, and Viewing Reports18.1 Distributing reportsCrystal Reports enables you to distribute your report using a variety of methods.18.1

For example, it may be useful to have a customer list that only lists customers from the USA. Thesample data contains records from the United States a

18.1.2.1 To fax a report1.On the File menu, click Print.The Print dialog box appears.2.In the Print dialog box, click Find Printer.The Find Printers d

Page-based formats tend to produce a more exact output. The emphasis of these formats is layoutrepresentation and formatting. Formatting refers to att

kinds of summaries in Crystal Reports as Excel functions. The summaries that are supported are SUM,AVERAGE, COUNT, MIN, and MAX.To get the best output

Therefore, the fonts used in the report must contain all of the required glyphs. These URI types aresupported for hyperlinks: "http:", "

This format also provides an option for pagination. If you select this option, a page break is inserted inthe output after every specified number of l

Supported SAP BusinessObjects BI Platform FeaturesThe following SAP BusinessObjects BI platform features are supported with an RPTR formatted report:•

To export to HTML1.With the report you want exported active, go to the File menu, point to Export, and then click ExportReport.Tip:Another way to do t

Exporting to an ODBC data source allows you to:• Change data from a centralized database format into a format compatible with a local DBMSapplication.

The destination determines the export location of your report. Crystal Report enables you to chooseone of six destinations. They include:• Application

• Selecting "Whole Report" does not necessarily emulate the layout of your Crystal report. Rather,the Excel cell width is based on objects f

Imagine that you are completing the following sentence:Select all records where a customer's country isYou complete the sentence with the conditi

The program exports the report and saves it in the designated directory.18.1.3.2.3 Exporting to a Microsoft Exchange folderCrystal Reports enables you

18.1.3.2.4 Exporting to MAPI (Microsoft Mail)Note:This option works only if you have a mail client installed (Microsoft Outlook, Microsoft Mail, or Ex

18.1.4.1 To open your report1.On the File menu, click Open.The Open dialog box appears.2.Click Web Folders.3.Open the folder that contains the report.

to its original location, or it lets you save a new report to an Enterprise folder, which, in essence, is thesame as publishing the report to SAP Busi

Windows NT authentication requires a user name and password that is recognized by Windows NT.6.Click OK.The Enterprise folders appear and you can sele

7.Click Save to publish your report to SAP BusinessObjects Enterprise.18.2 Viewing reportsYou can view Crystal reports using a number of report viewer

18.2.1.2 Navigating Report Parts and report objectsThe navigation functionality in Crystal Reports lets you move to other report object(s) in the same

When you select the Another Report Object option, the "Hyperlink information" area contains theseoptions:• Paste the Report Part linkUse the

• Data ContextThe program normally completes the Data Context field when you paste information for the destinationobject(s). You can also customize th

3.On the File menu, click Report Options.4.In the Initial Report Part Settings area of the Report Options dialog box, click Paste Link.The program pas

Determining printing area characteristics...553.2.5Developing a prototype

Now that the report contains only records from the USA, displaying the Country field in the body of thereport is not necessary. You can delete this fi

The Available Fields area shows only the sections and report objects you can select for drill down.In general, these objects include field objects, ch

6.If you want to add another object to the Fields to Display area, select it in the Available Fields listand drag it into position.Note:• The position

The following procedure shows you how to do all of these steps.18.2.1.4.1 To create an Another Report Object hyperlinkNote:Before you begin this proce

The Paste Link button includes a list of options that you can use when pasting a link to the destinationobject. Depending on the type of link you are

Note:If you choose the Design View Report Part option (or if you choose the Context Report Part optionfor an object copied from a report's Design

Otherwise, the program uses the source report's Design view data context as the Context Report Partdata context in the target report.Scenario 2If

Note:You can also use a wildcard to identify all instances:/USA/*• For cross-tab objects, you can use navigation on cells, columns, or rows. To define

Differences between how the viewers display hyperlinksReport Part ViewerPage viewersAnother Report Object:• Navigates to destination objects and shows

The "Open" dialog box appears.6.Click My Connections to add a new connection to the Enterprise.If you already have a connection, click Enter

Note:• The reports that you want to use with smart tags must exist on the web server named in the Optionsdialog box in a directory that mirrors their

The spacing between the fields is much better, but it looks as if the report title is off-center.4.Click the report title object to select it.5.Positi

2011-05-16410Printing, Exporting, and Viewing Reports

Report Alerts19.1 About Report AlertsReport Alerts are custom messages created in Crystal Reports that appear when certain conditionsare met by data i

19.2.1.1 To create a Report Alert1.On the Report menu, point to Alerts and then click Create or Modify Alerts.The Create Alerts dialog box appears.2.C

Alert formulas can be based on recurring records or on summary fields, but cannot be based onprint-time fields, such as running totals or print time f

2.In the Create Alerts dialog box, select the alert you want to edit and click Edit.Tip:Double-clicking an alert also lets you edit it.3.Make the chan

2.Select the alert whose records you want to see.3.Click View Records.A new report tab is opened showing the report record(s) that triggered the alert

2011-05-16416Report Alerts

Using Formulas20.1 Formulas overviewIn many cases, the data needed for a report already exists in database table fields. For example, toprepare an ord

Pulling out a portion, or portions, of a text stringTo extract the first letter of the customer name:Crystal syntax example:{Customer.Customer Name} [

NumbersExample: 1, 2, 3.1416TextExample: "Quantity", ":", "your text"OperatorsExample: + (add), / (divide), -x (negate)O

2.Select Region from the Customer table in the first drop-down list.The program takes all records with the same value in the region field and places t

20.2.2.1 Crystal and Basic syntaxWhen creating formulas, you have the option of using either Crystal or Basic syntax. Almost any formulawritten with o

Note:Java UFLs are not supported in the Report Application Server (RAS) and the Crystal Page Server, soif a report has a formula in it, and that formu

Note:If you already know Basic syntax, you need to know only a small amount of Crystal syntax to modifymost selection and search formulas.Running Tota

The appropriate editor or dialog box appears.20.4.1.2 Workshop TreeThe Workshop Tree contains folders for each type of formula you can create in Cryst

Shows or hides the Workshop Tree.Toggles display between Custom Function Editorand Custom Function Properties dialog box.Custom functions and formulas

The buttons for the Expressions Editor Toolbar of the Formula Workshop perform the following functions:Tests the syntax of the formula or custom funct

Hides or views the Functions tree.Hides or views the Operators tree.Hides or views the result set of a global formulasearch.Allows you to select Cryst

Description of contentsWindowFunctions are prebuilt procedures that return val-ues. They perform calculations such as average,sum, count, sin, trim, a

The Report Fields, Functions, and Operators tree at the top of the Formula Editor contain the primaryformula components. Double-click any component fr

Action PerformedKeyboard CombinationComments out or removes comments from currentlineAlt+MSorts contents of trees.Alt+OOpens or closes the Shows Opera

6.If the group tree is not visible, select Toggle Group Tree on the Standard toolbar to see thegroups included in the report.You can view the group of

Action PerformedKeyboard CombinationChanges focus to next control box (reverse orderof Ctrl-Tab).Ctrl+Shift+TabChanges focus to next control box.Ctrl+

1.On the View menu, click Field Explorer.2.In the Field Explorer dialog box, select Formula Fields and click New.3.In the Formula Name dialog box, ent

1.On the Report menu, click Formula Workshop.Tip:Another way to do this is to click the Formula Workshop button on the Expert Tools toolbar.2.Select F

You can now use this formula in your report just as you would use a formula you created in the FormulaEditor.20.5.3 Editing formulas1.On the View menu

20.5.5 Copying formulas20.5.5.1 To copy an existing formulaCrystal Reports lets you copy an existing formula and then modify it to create a new formul

The Field Explorer dialog box appears.7.Select Formula Fields and click the New button.The Formula Name dialog box appears.8.Enter the name you want t

• If the formula contains conditional elements, make certain that the conditions apply to the data inthe new report. For example, if the formula in yo

1.Choose View from the main menu and select Field Explorer.The Field Explorer dialog box appears.2.Right-click the formula you want to delete and choo

Insert this formula into the details section of the report and preview it. You'll get a division by zero errorand the formula editor will be invo

2.Create a new formula called Formula1.3.Type the following in the Formula text box of the Formula Editor:If {customer.CUSTOMER NAME} [1 to 2 = "

The Available Fields list box displays all fields currently on your report and all the fields in the datasource. You can choose to sort based on any o

You should see "TRUE" next to all customer numbers that begin with 6 and "FALSE" next to all customernumbers that do not begin wit

7.Click Print Preview on the Standard toolbar to see the values in the report and compare thefields to check if the field values returned by @Formula4

20.8 Error Messages and Formula Compiler WarningsA ) is missing.Parentheses must be used in pairs; each opening parenthesis must be matched with a clo

A subscript must be between 1 and the length of the string.You have entered a subscript number that specifies a character that does not exist. If you

Cannot allocate memory.This message typically indicates that there is not enough memory available. Close any reports that arenot needed, and exit any

File not found.The file name you specified cannot be found. Either the filename or the path is incorrect. Enter thecorrect filename/path and try again

You cannot begin to utilize the program unless you have a default printer selected. Trying to start theprogram without a default printer results in th

Report file already exists. Overwrite sample.rpt?You are attempting to save a report under the same name as an existing report. This will overwrite th

The number of copies of the string is too large or not an integer.Using the ReplicateString function, you have requested too many copies or you are re

The string is non-numeric.The argument to the ToNumber function must be a number stored as a string (for example, a customernumber, an ID number, and

2.3.5 Completing the reportYou have just one step left to complete the report. A company logo needs to be added to the first pageof the report.2.3.5.1

This array must be subscripted. For example: Array [i].You have entered an array without enclosing it in brackets. Enclose the array in brackets and r

This function cannot be used within a custom function.You have tried to use a function or formula that will not work in a custom function, that is it

• A date is required here.• A date range is required here.• A number array is required here.• A number array or currency array is required here.• A nu

Parameter Fields and Prompts21.1 Parameter and prompt overviewParameters are Crystal Reports fields that you can use in a Crystal Reports formula. As

• Currency: Requires a dollar amount.Example: Display customers with sales over XXXXX.• Date: Requires an answer in a date format.Example: Enter the s

• Creating a parameter with a static prompt.• Creating a parameter with a dynamic prompt.• Creating a parameter with a cascading list of values.• Dyna

21.1.4 Optional parametersCrystal Reports supports optional parameters. An optional parameter is a prompted value that doesnot have to be supplied by

Note:In the table, and elsewhere in this section, the term managed report is used to describe reports thatare stored in a SAP BusinessObjects Enterpri

Available when Crystal re-ports are published to SAPBusinessObjects Enterprise?Available when Crystal re-ports are stored outside ofSAP BusinessObject

Note:While the dynamic capability is not available with SAP BusinessObjects BI Interactive Analysis or withfull-client products, Crystal reports that

5.Save the report by clicking Save on the Standard toolbar.You have just completed your first report.2.4 Quick start for advanced usersIf you are an e

• Unmanaged lists of values are stored within each report file.If you do not have SAP BusinessObjects Enterprise, or if you never publish your reports

Managed list of val-uesUnmanaged list of valuesFeatureBusiness ViewsCommand objectsReport fieldsYesBecause managedlists of values arebased on Business

Managed list of val-uesUnmanaged list of valuesDescriptionBusiness ViewsCommand objectsReport fieldsWell suited.You can define filteringwithin the sou

Lists of values are the data part of a prompt; the values from your data that your users will see andselect from.Prompt groups, on the other hand, are

This example uses String.Note:When creating a parameter whose Type is either Date or DateTime, you can change the date formatto suit your needs. For d

Note:If you don't want to see the parameter field you dropped in your report, place it in a section you cansuppress, such as a report header or f

5.Click OK.The report appears with the information for Brazil.With parameter fields, you can create a single report that can be customized quickly to

dynamic prompts. When Crystal Reports is used with Crystal Reports Server or SAP BusinessObjectsEnterprise, additional features are available. For mor

9.Click OK.10.Return to the Field Explorer dialog box, and drag the Region parameter into your report.Note:If you don't want to see the parameter

and region that city comes from, you could create a dynamic and cascading prompt. In this case, youfirst prompt for a country, and when that value has

5.After you have added all the tables you want to work with, click OK on the Database Expert.Note:If you select more than one table in the Database Ex

The program automatically expands the Value list. You use this area to define the fields that makeup your cascading list of values. This example uses

21.7 The Parameter PanelThe Parameter Panel lets users interactively format and filter report data by changing parameter values.It is located within t

You can add lists of values to SAP BusinessObjects Enterprise or Crystal Reports Server in severalways:• You can create a list of values when you desi

7.Click the blank field under Country and select Region, and then click the blank field under Regionand select City.8.In the Parameter Binding area, e

2.In the Field Explorer, select Parameter Fields and click New.The Create New Parameter dialog box appears.3.Enter a name for the parameter in the Nam

Null values in the data returned by the list of values are displayed as "null" in the drop-down list for thatprompt. Your users can select t

21.9 Best practices for prompting21.9.1 Unmanaged reportsUnmanaged reports are reports that you store outside of SAP BusinessObjects Enterprise. These

• Build a separate Business View to provide lists of values for all of your reports. The only fields thatyou need in this Business View are those that

21.9.4 Deploying managed reports with dynamic promptsRepository-based lists of values and prompt groups are repository objects like any other. When ma

Tip:Another way to do this is to click the Select Expert button on the Expert Tools toolbar.The Select Expert dialog box appears.2.Choose the tab whos

When you place multiple fields, they appear in the same order that they appear in the Field Explorerdialog box. The program marks the position of each

• If you did not specify a default value, the program will not refresh the data until you supply a newvalue.Note:If the parameter is a string value ty

Note:The drop-down arrow to access the calendar for dates and the up and down arrows to scroll fortimes will only be available if you have the correct

8.Click OK.21.12.2 Applying conditional formatting using parameter fieldsParameter fields can be used to create conditional formatting formulas. You c

21.12.3 Creating a report title using parameter fieldsCrystal Reports allows you to use parameter fields to create a report title that can be changed

21.12.4.1 To specify single or range values1.Select the Allow discrete values option or the Allow range values option to specify whether theparameter

6.Create a formula using the parameter field as you would any constant value. For example, ratherthan creating a formula that hard-codes the country n

This formula prompts for a value for the parameter field {?SortField}. If you enter "C", the formulawill sort by the City field. If you ente

• "&" (allows any character or space, and requires the entry of a character in the parameter value).• "C" (allows any characte

• To prevent report refreshing to the database, only non-data parameters should be added to theParameter Panel.• Exported reports retain all recently

7.Select Editable from the Show on (Viewer) Panel list.This example will enable the user to edit the parameter value on the Parameter Panel. If you wa

To change the placement of the field(s), use the mouse to drag the field placement frame to itsnew position.•• To change the width of the field, use t

21.12.11.1 To add dynamic grouping using parameter fields1.Create a report using the sample data, Xtreme.mdb, and place the following fields from left

Subreports22.1 What are subreports?A subreport is a report within a report. The process for creating a subreport is similar to the process ofcreating

22.1.1.1 UnlinkedUnlinked subreports are free-standing; their data is not in any way coordinated with the data of theprimary report.In unlinked subrep

22.1.2 How subreport linking worksWhen you link a subreport to a primary report, the program creates the link by using a parameter field.When a subrep

22.2 Inserting subreports1.On the Insert menu, click Subreport.Tip:Another way to do this is to click the Insert Subreport button on the Insert Tools

6.Click the Preview tab to see your report.7.If you chose On-demand subreport (similar to a hyperlink), click the subreport preview tab to seeyour sub

22.2.2 Saving a subreport as a primary reportYou may find it advantageous to save a subreport as a primary report for the sake of distributing theinfo

22.2.3.1 To manually update the subreport dataYou can update your subreport data at any time.1.On the Design tab, right-click the subreport.2.Click Re

To do this, you need to specify a field that is common to both the subreport and the primary report. Withthe Subreport Links dialog box, you create a

22.4 Linking a subreport to the main report without modifying the selection formulaCrystal Reports uses a parameter field mechanism for linking subrep

To add a new subfolder or subcategory...995.4.1Adding items to the repo

Parameter fields can be used in reports (as title or label prompts), in selection formulas (as selectioncriteria prompts), and in formulas (for a vari

While both reports deal with sales data, there is no real linear relationship between the reports.Subreports can be used to combine unrelated reports

Tables can be linked in a report as long as the following criteria are met:• The link fields are both database fields.• The link fields contain simila

4.Link the subreport to the primary report by linking the Social Security Number field in the primaryreport ({file.SSN}) to the formula that extracts

22.7.1 To create an on-demand subreport1.Place an ordinary subreport in your primary report.2.Click the Format button on the Expert Tools toolbar.The

Basic syntax formula example:formula = "More Information About" + {Customer.Customer Name}Using the Xtreme.mdb sample database, these formul

Understanding Databases23.1 Databases overviewThough there are hundreds of Database Management Systems (DBMS) available, Crystal Reportseliminates man

Often, data in two different tables can be related by a common field. For example, a Customers tablewill have a Customer ID for each customer, and an

Creating indexes for database tables can increase the speed of data access and reduce the time ittakes for the program to evaluate data. Some DBMS app

request. If not, it goes to the second order number, and checks that customer name. When an ordernumber is reached that contains the correct customer

the database engine does not need to continue searching through the index or the table as soon as itfinds an index entry that does not match the reque

Report Design Concepts3.1 Basic report designThe purpose of this section is to suggest a structured approach to preparing a Crystal report. Thisapproa

An SQL query is an SQL statement designed specifically to request data from one or more SQLdatabases. Some SQL applications require that you type in a

the finished results are sent back to the client. This provides more efficient time management for usersbecause the local workstation has less process

the statement, performs the requested operation, and returns any data requested to the client software.If the server returns any data, the client soft

This SQL query is a representation of the SQL statement that Crystal Reports sends to the SQL server.By interpreting as much as possible from the repo

The FROM clause indicates the sources of the database fields specified in the SELECT clause. FROMlists actual database tables that include the fields

clause, the program sorts the records according to the values in the first field specified, then, withinthat sort, the program sorts the records by th

When you use a virtual table that was created as a Command, or when you use a Command from theSAP BusinessObjects Enterprise Repository, Crystal Repor

Note:The use of double or single quotes (and other SQL syntax) is determined by the database driverused by your report. You must, however, manually ad

Enter the text you want to appear when the program prompts you.• Value TypeSelect the data type of the parameter field.• Default ValueEnter the value

The Verify Database command on the Database menu checks the alias pointers stored in a report fileto verify that the database files expected are locat

in a haphazard manner, the report may slow the decision-making process or may even encourageincorrect decisions.A good starting place in the developme

This button is available only when like items are selected (that is, if you select a table in the upperlist, you must select a table in the lower list

the file name extension. For example, if you are using the dBASE database file Company.dbf, theprogram will assign a default alias name of Company to

In a one-to-one relationship between records in two linked tables, for every record in the primary tablethere is only one matching record in the looku

In a worst case scenario the program would have to read about 67,600 records to accomplish thesame task.Note:The performance considerations for data f

PC DataTotalRecordsReadFor each Areads in BReads AIndex BIndex ASelectionFormulaLinking/Subreport2600100(26*100)26YesYes or NoNoLinking2600100(26*100)

Total RecordsReadFor each Areads in BReads ASelection Formu-laLinking/Subreport2600100 (26*100)26NoSubreport200100 (2*100)2YesSubreport23.5.4 Data fil

• The program passes this merged record (A+B) back to the Report Designer, which tests therecord against the entire selection formula.• The program th

• The number of records read for each subreport is determined by the index situation on Table B:• If you have an index on Table B, the program will re

• If there is no selection formula, or if the selection formula does not pass down range limits onTable A, the program runs a subreport for every reco

Note:If all of the conditions in an AND situation can be satisfied on the server or in the database DLL, theprogram passes them all down.• OR situatio

What identifying information is needed in the header and footer?You may wish to include the print date, information on who prepared the report, a bloc

23.5.7 The Database Expert Links tabThe Database Expert Links tab lets you easily link two or more tables. Choose the Database Expertfrom the Database

When using the Smart Linking feature to link tables using a field that is a component of multiple indexes(two or more), Crystal Reports selects one of

23.5.10 Linking optionsCrystal Reports enables you to specify the type of join and type of link you want to use when linkingtables. You can also enfor

Orders TableCustomer TableCustomer TableOrder AmountCustomer NameCustomer ID25141.50Allez Distribution5219164.30BG Mountain Inc.531683.60BG Mountain I

Orders TableCustomer TableCustomer TableOrder AmountCustomer NameCustomer ID25141.50Allez Distribution5219164.30BG Mountain Inc.531683.60BG Mountain I

23.5.10.3 Right Outer joinThe result set from a Right Outer join includes all the records in which the linked field value in bothtables is an exact ma

Note:Left Outer and Right Outer joins are handled differently in the SQL language from other join types. Ifthe database is accessed through ODBC, Crys

Orders TableOrders TableCustomer TableOrder AmountOrder IDCustomer ID12763.9532638233.501464656610320.872523.5.10.5 Not EnforcedWhen you select this o

23.5.10.7 Enforced ToWhen you select this option, if the from table for the link is used, the link is enforced. For example, ifyou create a link from

Orders TableCustomer TableCustomer TableOrder AmountCustomer NameCustomer ID19164.30BG Mountain Inc.531683.60BG Mountain Inc.5315716.40Hansen MTB Inc.

Does the data exist or does it need to be calculated?Some report information can be drawn directly from data fields (sales information, for example);

'Manager' ManagerWHERE SalesRep.'Salary' >Manager.'Salary'This SQL statement might produce data similar to this:Manag

The result set from a Greater Than Or Equal link includes all records in which the linked field value inthe primary table is greater than or equal to

23.5.10.12 Less Than [<] linkThe result set from a Less Than link includes all records in which the linked field value in the primarytable is less

23.5.10.13 Less Than Or Equal [<=] linkThe result set from a Less Than Or Equal link includes all records in which the linked field value in thepri

SalesRep TableSalesRep TableManager TableManager TableSalaryLast NameSalaryLast Name$48,300.00Dodsworth$45,000.00Hellstern23.5.10.14 Not Equal [!=] li

Product2Product1Product NameProduct NameInFlux Lycra GloveXtreme Mtn LockRoadster Micro Mtn SaddleXtreme Mtn LockXtreme Adult HelmetInFlux Lycra Glove

the data retrieval and sorting work onto the server system, thus freeing up local memory and resourcesfor more important tasks. That is why server-sid

23.6.1 How server-side grouping affects the SQL queryWhen a report pushes most of its processing to the server, this by necessity alters the SQL query

Note:You can also enable or disable this option quickly by selecting or deselecting Perform Grouping onServer on the Database menu as needed. If Use I

On some occasions, you might want to unmap or unlink report and database fields that you have alreadymapped. For example, you might mistakenly map the

want to flag each item that has shown no activity during the last month, during the last three months,or during some other defined period. To flag inf

• The name of a field that is used in the report has changed.• The database or universe has been upsized from a PC data source to an SQL data source.F

23.7.3 Remapping altered database fieldsUse the Map Fields dialog box to remap existing report fields in the active database or universe if theyhave b

23.8 Saved Data IndexesYou can increase the performance of a Crystal report by indexing its saved data. When you create aSaved Data Index on a particu

23.8.2 Considerations for using Saved Data IndexesThere are some things that you should consider before deciding to use Saved Data Indexes:• Indexes w

1.Open your report in the Crystal Reports.2.On the Report menu, click Report Bursting Indexes.3.In the Saved Data Indexes dialog box, select the field

Integrating Business Applications with Crystal ReportsCrystal Reports is the program that you use to create and format Crystal reports, and SAPBusines

This section's focus is to provide a high level overview of the key new features and enhancements thatare specific to SAP BusinessObjects Enterpr

Note:Crystal Reports includes several integrated tools that allow you to report off your data.Using the Log On Server command1.Start Crystal Reports.2

2.Click the Database tab.3.In the Data Explorer area, select the check boxes for the types of data that you want to make availablefor the report.4.Use

24.1.2 Add-OnsThe Add-Ons distribution contains the setup program and additional documentation for the componentsthat integrate with your SAP system.

• Formulas placed in this area are evaluated once, at the beginning of the report.Page HeaderObjects placed in the Page Header area print at the begin

• The InfoSet driver provides Crystal Reports with another means of accessing SAP data sources:this driver can access R/3 InfoSets (previously known a

Formatted reporting overviewWith the BW MDX Query driver, you can design formatted Crystal reports that are based on the datathat is stored in SAP Bus

6.Click Query Properties.7.Click the Extended tab and ensure that Allow External Access to this Query is selected.This option allows other programs, l

The next" SAP logon" dialog box prompts you for user credentials4.Type your usual SAP user credentials in the Client, Username, and Password

To adjust the field name and description settings1.On the File menu, click Options.The "Options" dialog box appears, with the Layout tab act

Selecting cubes for reportsIf you or someone else in your organization has defined one or more cubes for reporting purposeswithin BW, you can select t

"Crystal Reports" generates a blank report that uses your cube as its data source. You can now addobjects to the report.Multiple Structures

If you select this option now, you can modify your default settings later by clicking Settings onthe SAP menu.5.Click OK.Building a report off a BW qu

• Invoiced quantity• Sales Volume7.Click Query Properties.8.Click the Extended tab and ensure that Allow External Access to this Query is selected.Thi

3.Click the Refresh button to view the result set.Only one value is returned on the report. This value represents the aggregated value of this KeyFigu

3.3 Developing a prototype on paperWhile a paper prototype is useful regardless of your level of expertise with Crystal Reports, it is particularlyval

2.The Insert Summary dialog box appears.3.In the Choose the field to summarize list, select Invoiced Quantity.4.In the Calculate this summary list, se

To create a BW query with a hierarchy1.Go to Start > Programs > Business Explorer > Query Designer.2.Click Open Query.3.Select the query you

To build a hierarchy report off the BW hierarchy• On the View menu, click Field Explorer.The "Field Explorer" appears. Expand Database Field

How to summarize dataThis section guides you through the process of summarizing data based on the query you created inthe last section, How to build a

6.In the Formula Workshop, enter the formula:HierarchyLevel (GroupingLevel({[Hierarchy Name] Node ID})) * 250Note:• The field {[Hierarchy Name] Node I

5.Ensure that the Selection field is set to Single Values, and that the Hierarchy field is set to thehierarchy you created for this dimension.In this

You now have a query with a simple hierarchy on Material class and a hierarchy node variable basedon the Material class hierarchy.How to build a repor

should be based on the same hierarchy as the query. Therefore, you will change the hierarchy nodevariable to reflect the new hierarchy variable in thi

Now that the display hierarchy is set to a variable rather than the Material class hierarchy, you mustreset the hierarchy node variable to the new hie

Note:You do not need to do this when viewing the report in SAP BusinessObjects Enterprise. In SAPBusinessObjects Enterprise the pick list is dynamic.C

2011-05-1658Report Design Concepts

When a query contains a hierarchy variable, the MDX Query driver creates an extra field calledHierarchies in Crystal Reports that allows you to create

2.Connect to SAP as outlined in Using the Log On Server command.Select SAP Operational Data Store in the Data Explorer.3.Click Options.2011-05-16581In

The "Options" dialog box appears with only the Database tab displayed.Tip:If you chose to use the report wizard, right-click SAP Operational

Note:The % and _ wildcards correspond respectively to the asterisk (*) and question mark (?) wildcardsused in Windows. The % and _ wildcards correspon

10.In the Available Data Sources area, double-click the ODS that you want to use as a data source forthe report.The ODS moves to the Selected Tables a

Reports that are based on SAP queries and InfoSets behave similarly to reports that are based onstored procedures in mainstream databases. You can ins

4.In the Data Explorer area, select the check boxes for the types of data that you want to make availablefor the report.5.Use the Table name LIKE fiel

The Data Explorer displays the selected queries or InfoSets, along with the descriptions defined bythe SAP administrator.8.Click Close.9.Open a new, b

Tip:For additional information about parameters and general report design topics, see theCrystal ReportsOnline Help.24.1.3.2 Reporting off other SAP d

Objects supported by the Open SQL driverThe Open SQL driver provides access to several low-level objects within SAP: transparent tables, pooland clust

Introduction to Reporting4.1 Report creation optionsEach time you create a new report, you have three options:• Use a Report Creation Wizard.• Use ano

4.In the Create New Connection folder, expand SAP Table, Cluster, or Function.The "SAP System Logon" dialog box appears.5.Log on to an SAP s

Linking tables and viewsReports that are based on SAP tables (transparent, pool, and cluster tables, as well as views) behavesimilarly to reports that

SQL driver provides the ability to call ABAP functions that have defined return types and to display theirresults. ABAP functions are also useful in s

TypeFieldStringNameStringDepartmentIntegerYears_of_serviceIntegerAgeDateDateField_InDateDateField_OutWhen working with the Name, Department, and DateF

TypeFieldStringContactInfo.PhoneStringContactInfo.emailAs before, you must either link the street and zip code fields to or from another table, or def

Positions.StartDatePositions.TitleGenderName7/12/98VP, MailMTomFunctions with multiple tables as their outputFunction FIMPORTINGVALUE(NAME) TYPE CEXPO

Options.NumberOptions.GrantDatePositions.StartDatePositions.TitleGenderName153005/6/977/12/98VP, MailMTomReporting off ABAP data clustersReporting off

In order to overcome these issues, the individual components of data clusters must be mapped astables. You can do this by creating a dictionary of the

Locating the cluster area's key fieldsThis section guides you through the process of locating the cluster area's key fields based on the new

You now need to add the key fields to your new dictionary entry in the Cluster Definition tool. To addthese key fields to the dictionary entry, go to

Incorporating parameter fields into record selection formulas...1246.5.4Using SQL expressions where approp

4.2 Choosing data sources and database fieldsCrystal Reports makes it simple to select data sources and database fields by providing easy-to-usefuncti

field's data type. In this example, the key field is defined by reference, so you can ignore the ABAPtype and Length fields.9.Click Save; then cl

5.In the ABAP code, look for the heading that denotes the beginning of the table, and note the structurethat is included in the following line.For thi

Note:In this example, you need not complete the remaining fields (Reference Field, ABAP Type, andLength). Use these fields to add specific information

Migrating your existing security modelTo continue to use the data access restrictions that you defined using a previous version of SAPBusinessObjects

2.You now have two options:• If you want to enable the Global Lock, select the Allow access only to the tables specifiedabove option.• If you want to

Customizing authorizations for specific tablesWhether you have enabled or disabled the Global Lock feature, you may need to customize the dataaccess a

You will now associate your new authorization object with an SAP table.3.In the Table name field, type the name of the table whose security definition

5.Click Create.The "Authorization Object entry" dialog box appears.6.Click Reference to an authorization object.The "Authorization Obje

7.In the Authorization object name field, type the name of the authorization object that you createdin step 1.For this example, type ZTABCHK.8.Click C

9.In the Field value list, type the name of the table whose security definition you want to customize.For this example, type VBAK.10.Click Save.You ha

• Database Files• ODBC (RDO)• OLAP• OLE DB (ADO)Note:The data source options available in the Create New Connection folder depend on the data accessco

Note:Regardless of the method you use, ensure that your new authorization holds the name of the correctdatabase table in its TABLE field value. In thi

Essentially, by associating an authorization object with a field within an SAP table, you define that tableas an exception to the Global Lock settings

The "Authorization field values" screen appears.10.In the Field value list, type the equals sign (=) and the name of the field that you want

Note:You can now use wildcards to specify the table name. This is an efficient way to apply an authorizationto multiple tables with similar names simu

24.1.3.3 Reporting with SAP BW24.1.3.3.1 Designing and Translating ReportsThis section introduces you to the Report Wizards in Crystal Reports and pro

3.Ensure that Prepare reports for translation on server is selected.This option changes your default settings, so reports are always prepared for tran

The "Format Editor" dialog box appears.4.Click the Font tab.5.Click the Formula button that corresponds to the Size field.The Formula Worksh

Before importing your content, consider the following:• BW treats Crystal reports (.rpt files) as native objects. If the Crystal reports are stored in

4.Provide the information in the following table.ActionFieldType the name of the server that hosts your Oracle EBS system.HostType the port number tha

24.3.1.1 Creating a connection in SAP Crystal ReportsOnce you've installed the Integration product on a machine running the SAP Crystal Reports d

Use this option to rename an existing SQL command in the SAP BusinessObjects EnterpriseRepository.• OptionsUse this option to set the global options t

Tip:Once you have configured the Siebel connection, you can store the connection in the Favorites folder.24.3.1.1.2 Using the Log On Server commandIf

• Local• Local (Active Dedicated Session)24.3.2.1 Connection namesWhen you open a connection to a data source, Crystal Reports automatically assigns a

24.3.2.3 LocalThe Local connection type connects to the Siebel Mobile/Dedicated Web Client and accesses datafrom any of the available data sources, su

2.From the shortcut menu, click Properties.The Siebel Properties dialog box appears. On the Shortcut tab, the Target field contains the filenameand pa

24.3.2.4.1 Apply Current QuerySiebel allows a user to filter information displayed in any view by applying a query. If Apply CurrentQuery is selected

24.3.3 Selecting business componentsOnce a connection is completed, Crystal Reports displays the list of business objects and businesscomponents avail

24.3.6 SecurityCrystal Reports supports Siebel's security to ensure that sensitive information can be managed. Everytime users run reports agains

Siebel provides a mechanism that formats information for the user based on preferences defined withinthe Siebel system. For example, currency fields a

24.3.10 Multi-value columnsThere are certain columns within the tables that are displayed through the Siebel driver that representmultiple values. Cry

Crystal Reports TypeSiebel TypeDate-timeDTYPE_DATETIMEStringDTYPE_IDStringDTYPE_PHONEStringDTYPE_TEXTMemoDTYPE_NOTEDate-timeDTYPE_UTCDATETIMENote:DTYP

4.2.2.2 Toolbar and Shortcut MenuThe Field Explorer's toolbar provides buttons with tool tips and hot-key combinations. You can right-clickany it

24.4.2 To access data in SAP Crystal Reports1.Start SAP Crystal Reports.2.On the Start Page, click Blank Report.3.In the Database Expert, expand Creat

ActionFieldType your password.Password• If you installed the integration on a PeopleTools 8.50 environment, click PeopleSoft Query, andprovide the fol

24.5.1 OverviewIf you installed the Data Connectivity feature of the SAP BusinessObjects Enterpise XI, you can workwith JD Edwards EnterpriseOne data

Accessing Data Sources25.1 IntroductionCrystal Reports can access data stored in almost any common database format, as well as manyuncommon formats. T

• Direct access database files• ODBC data sources• OLE DB• Business Views• Crystal SQL Designer files• Crystal Dictionary filesEach type of data must

When you access a database directly through Crystal Reports, only that database type can be usedby the report. You cannot switch to a different type o

25.2.3.3 DatabaseThe database file consists of one or more tables. Different DBMS applications store database informationdifferently. For example, dBA

25.2.4.2 dBASE, FoxPro, ClipperCrystal Reports has been designed to open dBASE data simply and directly through the xBase engine(inside crdb_p2bxbse.d

DAO uses Microsoft's Object Linking and Embedding (OLE) technology to provide access to Accessdata through an object-oriented approach.In additio

• When you open a Pervasive database, Crystal Reports opens the entire database and loadsinformation about all the tables in the database. To do this,

Use this option to open the Set Prompt Order dialog box, in which you can change the prompt orderof your parameter fields.• Show Field TypeUse this op

• Exchange Folder Contents• Mail messages• Exchange Form applications• Properties of OLE documents• Exchange Administrator• Properties of Exchange mai

How Crystal Reports treats Exchange dataCrystal Reports treats Exchange Administrator data (Public Folder Admin, Public Folder ACL, PublicFolder Repli

25.2.4.9 OracleCrystal Reports supports direct access to Oracle SQL databases. This accessibility is provided by thecrdb_oracle.dll translation file.

Note:The Lotus Domino executable and data directories are added to the PATH.25.2.4.12 Informix Online ServerThe Informix Online Server provides client

DescriptionFileFor Microsoft ActiveX Data Objectscrdb_fielddef.dllFor Microsoft ActiveX Data Objectscrdb_ado.dllFor Crystal Data ObjectCrystal Data Ob

Crystal Reports provides the translation files crdb_p2sevta.dll (archived log) and crdb_p2sevtc (currentlog) for working with NT Event Log data. These

There are hundreds of Database Management Systems (DBMS) available for personal computers, andthousands of applications that access DBMS data. Normall

translation (ODBC data source) layer. The data source must analyze the request and translate it againinto a format that can be understood by the DBMS.

25.3.3.2 ODBC translation layerCrystal Reports uses the Dynamic Link Library crdb_odbc.dll to communicate with ODBC. This file isunique to Crystal Rep

Once an ODBC driver is registered, you need to establish an ODBC data source using that driver. TheODBC data source is the object that you connect to

The Design tab is the place you do most of the initial work when creating a report. It designates andlabels the various sections of the report. You ca

1.On the Start menu, select Settings, select Control Panel, then double-click Add or RemovePrograms.2.Select Crystal Reports and click Change.3.In the

25.3.6.2 ExcelYou can convert Microsoft Excel spreadsheets into databases that can be read by Crystal Reportsthrough ODBC. In Excel 4.0 and earlier, u

• Oracle• Sybase• Microsoft SQL Server• DB2Crystal Reports still communicates with ODBC through the crdb_odbc.dll translation file, but theDataDirect

A Lotus Domino database can be read by Crystal Reports through ODBC. For Windows, the LotusDomino DBMS translation layer consists of three files:• Nsq

25.4.1 JNDIThe Java Naming and Directory Interface (JNDI) provides an interface that you can use to seamlesslyconnect to diverse naming and directory

Crystal Reports uses the Dynamic Link Library crdb_jdbc.dll to communicate with JDBC. This fileis unique to Crystal Reports environment and provides y

crdb_jdbc.dll translation file, which has been designed to work with any fully JDBC-compliant driver.Crystal Reports officially supports third-party J

You can create a Crystal report from a Business Objects universe. Crystal Reports lets you select auniverse and design a query from it using a tool ca

For detailed information about Business Views and how to create them, see theBusiness ViewsAdministrator's Guide.Note:• When you save a report th

Note:The file crdb_query.dll must be installed before you can use query files in your reports.25.8 Crystal Dictionary filesA dictionary (.dc5) file is

This section is used for the body of the report, and is printed once per record. The bulk of the reportdata generally appears in this section.• Report

2011-05-16660Accessing Data Sources

Report Processing Model26.1 OverviewCrystal Reports uses a three-pass reporting method to generate reports. The sections below describewhat happens du

• Record retrieval. Where possible record selection and sorting are pushed down to the database inthis step.• Evaluation of recurring formulas. These

These are formulas that contain references to subtotals or summary information, also known as"PrintTime" formulas. This evaluation time is k

2011-05-16664Report Processing Model

Crystal Reports Error MessagesA.1 Drive:\filename.extensionThis document could not be opened. It does not appear to be a Crystal Reports document.Cont

A.3 Failed to load database connectorReasonThe database connector is not available on the machine that is processing the report.The database client so

A.5 Failed to retrieve data from the database. Details: [Database Vendor Code: <vendorcode number>]ContextOccurs when refreshing or previewing a

2011-05-16668Crystal Reports Error Messages

Creating Accessible Reports27.1 About accessibilityWhen you create Crystal reports for a large audience across the organization—and around theworld—yo

Like the original areas, each of these newly added areas can contain one or more sections. By default,they each contain a single section.4.3.1.2 Ident

Many accessibility guidelines result in improved usability. An accessible report must provide logicaland consistent navigation. Its content must be cl

step further, the United States government introduced legislation in the form of Section 508 of theRehabilitation Act, which ensures the right to acce

To begin improving the accessibility of your Crystal reports, start with accessibility guidelines that arequick and easy to implement. A small change

left to right and top to bottom, screen readers and other assistive devices may follow the order specifiedin the HTML. To make a report accessible, yo

People who use assistive technologies are accustomed to text-only substitutes and, therefore, willrespond well to the text-only alternatives you provi

Note:If you cannot produce a complete text-only version of the report, you can still improve accessibility byproviding a descriptive summary of key in

27.2.2.4 Formatting textAfter you create text equivalents or alternatives for non-text objects, ensure that the text is clearly writtenand easy to rea

groups, provide a combination of audio and text. Multimedia presentations may provide audio informationfor people with visual impairments, as well as

For example, a text object may instruct users to "click the green button" to open a subreport. Users withlimited vision cannot tell which bu

• Use navigation consistently.• Provide the opportunity to skip repetitive navigation links.27.2.5 Parameter fieldsWhen you include parameter fields i

4.3.1.3 Other Design tab capabilitiesThere are several other capabilities built into the Design tab. With the Design tab, you can:• Resize a section b

27.3.1 Accessibility and conditional formattingUsing the accessibility parameter field in simple formulas, you can provide multiple formats for anyobj

27.3.2 Accessibility and suppressing sectionsInstead of formatting individual objects conditionally, you can create separate sections for accessibleve

Accessible report design may become too cumbersome using conditionally formatted objects andsuppressed sections. Two situations in particular may be p

You can make a large table easier to understand and navigate by adding text objects that provideinformation about each value in the table.Include what

Providing extra information for each value can make a data table appear cluttered for people withoutvision impairments, so you may want to hide the ex

You can use the parameter field to suppress the text objects conditionally. While it has the same effectas changing the font color to the background c

The following report uses formulas placed in the Details section that combine the database fields andthe extra text. When the user chooses Yes for the

27.4.2 Other data table design considerationsIn addition to labeling data values with text objects, other report design techniques can help you create

To display the table summary conditionally, the report designer divided the Page Header into twosections. The first page header is suppressed when the

menus for report commands. Depending on your users' needs, you may also want to reduce the numberof reports displayed on each page.For viewing re

In standard view, the report is displayed a page at a time. Using the navigation buttons in the Previewtab, you can move to the beginning or end of th

Electronic forms can present difficulties for screen readers, and must be set up carefully. When youlabel a component in a form, ensure the label is c

More InformationLocationInformation Resourcehttp://www.sap.comSAP BusinessObjects product infor-mationNavigate to http://help.sap.com/businessobjects

LocationInformation Resourcehttps://www.sdn.sap.com/irj/boc/businessobjects-articlesThese articles were formerly known as technical papers.SAP Busines

Index3-D Riser chart 2713-D Surface chart 271AABAP data clustersand the Cluster Definition tool 596and the Open SQL driver 588described 589, 596mappin

charts(continued)creating 274on an OLAP cube 277on Cross-Tab summaries 276on subtotal fields 275on summary fields 275drilling down 273modifying 282leg

data(continued)grouping 41, 147hierarchically 159in intervals 156on first letter of name 158linking 75live 111minimizing transfer 107placing on report

designing reports(continued)multiple columns 216organizing data 84placing 273charts 273data 76database fields on 76formula fields 77maps 288parameter

Flash objects(continued)inserting in reports 312fontssetting fractional sizes 234footers, creating after the page 258form lettersinserting a date 202i

groups(continued)selecting with Select Expert 153sortingconditionally 150records within 151subtotaling 171guidelines 226designing with 226inserting 22

lists of values(continued)command objects as data source474long lists 475null handling 475overview 459separate values and descriptions473sharing commo

To summarize grouped data...1668.3.1Ordering groups by s

The Group Tree can be shown or hidden using the Toggle Preview Panel button on the Standardtoolbar.The Group Tree presents a split screen:• The right

OLAP(continued)creating OLAP report 362reporting 361updating database location 368OLAP cube 277charting on 277mapping on 292OLAP data 376filtering 376

publishing to SAP BusinessObjectsEnterprise. See Enterprise Folders392Publishing Wizard 616Qqueries 344apply current 624building 344creating a combine

reports(continued)formatting(continued)with a template 207formatting for web viewing 238formula fields on 77Group Tree, to display 69grouping 147data

sections(continued)identifying 67inserting 192making read-only 240merging two related 193moving 193multiple in report 196Page Header 65Report Header 6

TTab Separated Text (TTX), exportingto 380table indexes, for performance 116table-level security 603tables 74, 591, 605, 682adding 74alias 520customiz

ZZCDD, Cluster Definition tool 597 zooming features 2812011-05-16705Index

2011-05-16706Index

• Dynamic parameters that use cascading prompts.On the panel, data parameters are differentiated from non-data parameters with a database icon. Whena

In the Preview tab, however, you are working with the actual data. Instead of a field frame representingmany field values, the values themselves appea

For information about how to configure the HTML Preview Options, search the Crystal Reports onlinehelp for “Smart Tag & HTML Preview tab (Options

• Database FilesThis option shows a list of standard PC databases that reside locally. You can use Find DatabaseFile to browse for a PC database using

4.4.3 Linking multiple tablesIf the report contains data from two or more database tables, they need to be linked at this point whencreating reports.N

4.To create links manually, drag a field from one table to a field in another table. If successful, a linkline is created. If unsuccessful, a message

4.4.4.1.1 To insert a database field1.On the Standard toolbar, click Field Explorer.The Field Explorer dialog box appears. To speed the report buildin

4.Type the expression in the SQL Expression Editor.Note:For an overview of the formula language, see Formula components and syntax.5.Click Save.4.4.4.

sum of 2 + 4), and then 12 (the sum of 2 + 4 + 6). See Running Totals, for an introduction to runningtotals.4.4.4.6 Special fieldsTo display informati

Working with text objects...19910.5.1Creating a form

Text objects are used in reports for a multitude of purposes. They are a powerful way of inserting titles;labeling summaries and other data on your re

3.Position the picture object where you want it to appear in the report and left-click once.4.4.4.9 Hyperlink fieldsYou can select a report object on

Note:You can also use this option to connect to SAP Business Objects, Web Intelligence, and OLAPIntelligence documents (this is also known as report l

4.4.5 BLOB (Binary Large Object) fieldsA BLOB field is a database field whose data consists of Binary Large Objects—such as bitmap graphics,images, OL

4.4.7 Record selectionRecord selection, the task of paring down the data to include only the data required for your report, isa crucial step in report

You can drill down on your data, to show the data behind individual groups, using the Drill-down cursor.See Sorting, Grouping, and Totaling.4.4.9.1 Dr

• Information to appear only on the first page of the report goes in the Report Header (RH).• Information to appear only on the last page of the repor

4.Move the object frame to the Report Header section and click once to place the frame.5.With the report title selected, click Section Expert on the E

Enter the desired information and click OK when finished to return to your report.4.5 Exploring reports and working with multiple reportsCrystal Repor

and so on. Likewise, if you right-click a section node, the menu will contain the options to hide, suppress,format and so on.Note:You cannot add addit

Adding shapes to a report...24711.5.8Scaling, croppin

4.5.2 The WorkbenchIn the Workbench, you can create projects that contain one or more reports. Use the options on thetoolbar to add, remove, or rename

4.5.2.2 Shortcut MenusYou can right-click any item in the projects area of the Workbench to see a shortcut menu. Many of theoptions that are available

Errors listed in the Dependency Checker show the following information:• Error type.MeaningIconSuccess. The Dependency Checker has verifiedthat there

• CopyUse this option to copy the message to the clipboard so that you can paste it into another application.• OptionsUse this option to open the Depe

Click the tabs in the amalgamated explorer to change focus from one explorer type to another; thename in the title bar changes accordingly to show you

SAP BusinessObjects Enterprise Repository5.1 What is the SAP BusinessObjects Enterprise Repository?The SAP BusinessObjects Enterprise Repository is a

The "Repository Explorer "displays the contents of your SAP BusinessObjects Enterprise Repositoryas a tree with folders, subfolders, categor

5.2.1 To open the SAP BusinessObjects Enterprise Repository1.Start Crystal Reports and open a report.2.Click the Repository Explorer button on the Sta

The Repository Explorer's toolbar provides buttons with tool tips. These buttons let you add new foldersor categories, search for items, and so o

• Corporate categories are created by the administrator, or other users who have been granted accessto these categories. If you have the appropriate r